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NO 61:古希臘式自由告訴我們:自由就是這三樣寶貴的東西
- 由 老九英語 發表于 棋牌
- 2022-01-15
self是什麼意思英語
【編輯宣告】
高中/大學無障礙閱讀系列材料來自市面或網路上公開的全國各地高考原文、名校模考佳文、《英語週報》、大學各類等級考試中(低、中難度)原文。所有文章均由張九明本人參照《網易有道詞典》編譯而成。
【詳細使用說明見文章底部】【疑似生詞漢語加註也許不能完全解決您的生詞問題,但你可以自己藉助詞典進行補充查閱(相信這樣的生詞應該不會很多)。】
Freedom
and
Responsibility
1 Freedom’s
challenge
in the
Digital
Age is a
serious
topic。 We are facing today a strange new world and we are all wondering what we are going to do with it。
數字時代對自由的挑戰是一個嚴肅的話題。今天我們面對的是一個(全新但又)陌生的新世界,我們都在想,我們將如何應對這個新世界。
freedom自由n,responsibility責任/責任心n,challenge挑戰n,digital數字化的a,serious 嚴重的/嚴肅的a
2
Some
2,500 years ago Greece
discovered
freedom。 Before that there was no freedom。 There were great
civilizations
,
splendid
empires
, but no freedom anywhere。 Egypt and Babylon were both tyrannies暴君, one very
powerful
man
ruling over
helpless
masses
。
大約2500年前,希臘發現了自由。在那之前沒有自由。有偉大的文明,輝煌的帝國,但沒有自由。埃及和巴比倫都是暴君,一個非常強大的人統治著無助的群眾。
some大約adv,discover發現v,civilization文明n,splendid輝煌的/燦爛的a,empire帝國n,powerful強有力的a,rule over統治v,helpless無助的/絕望的a,masses大眾n
3 In Greece, in Athens雅典, a little city in a little country, there were no helpless masses。 And Athenians
willingly
obeyed
the written laws which they themselves passed, and the unwritten, which must be obeyed if free men live together。
在希臘(一個小國家)的雅典(一個小城市),沒有無助的群眾。雅典人心甘情願地遵守他們自己透過的成文的法律,也遵守自由人在一起生活時所必須遵守的不成文法律。
willingly原意地adv,obey遵守v
They must show each other
kindness
and
pity
and the many
qualities
without which life would be very
painful
unless one chose to live alone in the desert。The Athenians never thought that a man was free if he could do what he wanted。
他們必須彼此表現出仁慈和憐憫,以及許多品質。如果沒有這些品質,除非一個人選擇獨自在沙漠中生活,否則生活將是非常痛苦的。雅典人從來不認為一個為所欲為的人就能獲得自由。
kindness善良/友善n,pity憐憫n,quality素質/品質n,painful痛苦的a
A man was free if he was
self-controlled
。 To make yourself obey what you
approved
was freedom。 They were saved from looking at their lives as their own
private
affair
。
一個人如果能自制,他就是自由的。服從你所同意認可的成文法律便是自由。他們沒有把自己的生活看成是自己的私事。
self-controlled自我控制的a,approve同意/許可v,private 私人的a,affair事情n
Each one felt responsible for the
welfare
of Athens, not because it was forced on him from the outside, but because the city was his
pride
and his safety。
每個人都覺得自己對雅典的幸福負有責任,不是因為這是外界強加給他的,而是因為這座城市是他的驕傲和安全。
welfare福祉n,pride驕傲n
The
essential
belief
of the first free government in the world was
liberty
for all men who could control themselves and would take responsibility for the
state
。
世界上第一個自由政府的基本信念就是自由 ——- 所有能夠控制自己並對國家負責的人都享有自由。
essential至關重要的/不可或缺的a,belief 相信/新年n,liberty自由n,state國家n
4 But discovering freedom is not like discovering computers。 It cannot be discovered once for all。 If people do not prize it, and work for it, it will go。
Constant
watch is its
price
。 Athens changed。
但是發現了自由不像發現了電腦。它不可能一勞永逸地被發現。如果人們不重視它,不為它努力,它就會消失。代價是持續不斷的看護是它。所以雅典(的自由)後來發生了變化。
constant 持續不斷的a,price代價n
It was a change that took place without being noticed though it was of the
extreme
importance, a
spiritual
change which affected the whole state。 It had been the Athenian’s pride and joy to give to their city。
這是一種沒有引起任何人注意的變化(儘管此變化極其重要),是一種影響到整個國家的精神上的變化。付出曾是雅典人獻給他們自己的城市的驕傲和歡樂。
extreme極其的/極端的a,spiritual精神上的a
That they could get
material
benefits
from her never entered their minds。 There had to be a
complete
change of
attitude
before they could look at the city as an
employer
who
paid
her citizens for doing her work。
那時雅典人從來沒有想過從自由(她)那裡得到物質上的好處。當時他們必須先徹底改變觀念/態度,後才能把這個城市看作是一個老闆(該老闆透過行使職能給市民帶來好處)。
material材料/物質n,benefit 利益/好處n,complete完成的/徹底的a,attitude態度n,employer僱主n,pay付錢給/對。。。有利或有好處v
Now instead of men giving to the state, the state was to give to them。 What the people wanted was a government which would provide a comfortable life for them; and with this as the
primary
object
, ideas of freedom and
self-reliance
and responsibility were
neglected
to the point of disappearing。
到了這個時候的希臘社會,不是人們付出給國家,而是人們要國家付出給他們。人民想要的是一個能給他們提供舒適生活的政府。以這一點作為首要目標的社會,自由和自力更生還有責任的觀念全被忽視(到了消失的地步)。
primary主要的a,object目標/物件n,self-reliance依靠自己n,neglect 忽視/忽略v
Athens was more and more
look
ed on
as
a
cooperative
business
possessed
of great wealth in which all citizens had a right to share。
此時的雅典越來越被視為一個擁有巨大財富的合作企業,所有公民都有權分享這些財富。
look on。。。as。。。把。。。看作v,cooperative合作的a,possess擁有v
5 Athens
reached
the point when the freedom she really wanted was freedom from responsibility。 There could be only one result。 If men
insisted
on
being free from the burden of self-dependence and responsibility
for the common good
, they would
cease
to be free。
雅典人進入了這樣一個時期 —— 人們想要的自由就是擺脫責任。結果可能只有一個,也就是如果人們堅持要從自力更生的負擔和公共利益的責任中解脫出來,他們將不再有什麼自由。
reach 達到/到達v,insist on堅持做某事v,for the common good為了共同的利益pp,cease 停止v
Responsibility is the price every man must pay for freedom。 It is to be had on no other terms。 Athens, the Athens of Ancient Greece, refused responsibility; she reached the end of freedom and was never to have it again。
責任是每個人為自由必須付出的代價。這種自由的獲得不能有其他任何(附加)條件。雅典(古希臘的雅典人)拒絕承擔責任。她已經到了自由的盡頭,再也得不到自由了。
6 But, “the
excellent
becomes the
permanent
”, Aristotle said。 Athens lost freedom forever, but freedom was not lost forever for the world。 A great American, James Madison,
referred to
: “The
capacity
of mankind for self-government。”
但是,亞里士多德曾說過:“優秀會成為永恆”。雖然雅典永遠失去了自由,但對世界而言,自由並沒有永遠失去。一個偉大的美國人,詹姆斯·麥迪遜曾提到“人類有自我組建政府的能力”。
excellent優秀的a,permanent永久的a,refer to提到v,capacity能力n
No doubt he had not an idea that he was speaking Greek。 Athens was not in the farthest background of his mind, but once man has a great and good idea, it is never completely lost。 The Digital Age cannot destroy it。
毫無疑問,他不知道自己在說希臘語(表達的是和當時希臘做法一樣的意思)。希臘並不在他腦中最深邃的背景/願景之列,但一旦有人有了偉大而好的想法,它就永遠不會完全消失。數字資訊時代也無法摧毀它。
Somehow in this or that man’s thought such an idea lives though unconsidered by the world of action。 One can never be sure that it is not on the point of breaking out into action only sure that it will do so sometime。
不知何故,“人類有自我組建政府的能力”的想法一直存在在一些人的腦中,儘管沒有看到有人在行動(沒有被世界的行動所考慮)。沒有人能確保這樣的想法正欲突破瓶頸(馬上就要發生,或在行動的爆發點上)。但人們可以確信,總有一天這樣的想法能成為現實。
【效果說明】
從教30多年的老九老師悄悄地告訴您(
眾多人中我只告訴你一個人
!):高中/大學英語無障礙閱讀是
迅速擴大英語詞彙量提升英語閱讀水平之十分有效的手段(
我個人近幾年年年教畢業班,
屢試屢驗)!
【材料來源】
全國各地高考原文、名校模考佳文、《英語週報》、大學各類等級考試中(低、中難度)原文。
【適用物件】
高一、高二、高三學生,大學生。高一同學可以有選擇地閱讀(選擇能看懂的無障礙閱讀)!
【使用方法】
以教師為例(
學生/家長可參照執行
):一、先要求學生做好閱讀筆記(叫學生藉助“全文漢語翻譯”及“疑似生詞加註”摘錄整理在學習過程中遇到的難句和生詞)。換言之,學生除了記在筆記上的難句和生詞,閱讀材料中的其它句子和單詞都應該能完全理解。二、後檢查學生對記在筆記上的難句的理解和生詞的記憶(沒有條件的只抽查生詞——注意只要求學生根據英語寫漢語)。
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