《全球65國國情簡介的英語翻譯文字》

迦納 Ghana

迦納，隸屬於非洲西北部國家，位於非洲西部、幾內亞灣北岸，西鄰象牙海岸，北接布吉納法索，東毗多哥，南瀕大西洋，全境大部地區為平原，東部有阿克瓦皮姆山脈，南部有誇胡高原，北部有甘巴加陡崖。最高峰傑博博山海拔876米。

Ghana， a northwestern country in Africa， is located in the west of Africa， north bank of Gulf of Guinea， adjacent to Ivory Coast in the west， Burkina Faso in the north， Togo in the east and the Atlantic Ocean in the south。 Most of its areas are plains； there is Akkowapim Mountain Range in the east， Kwahu Plateau in the south and Gambaga Scarp in the north。 The highest peak Ghibobo Mountain is 876 meters above sea level。

馬達加斯加 Madagascar

馬達加斯加共和國，簡稱馬達加斯加，前稱馬爾加什共和國，是一個位於非洲東南部近海的印度洋島嶼國家。該國包括馬達加斯加島（世界第四大島）及其周邊多個較小的島嶼。馬達加斯加90%的野生動植物都是該國獨有。

The Republic of Madagascar， called “Madagascar” for short， was formerly known as the Malagasy Republic。 It is an offshore island country in the Indian Ocean in the southeast of Africa。 The country contains Madagascar Island （the world‘s fourth largest island） and its surrounding small islands。 90% of wild animals and plants in Madagascar are exclusively possessed by this country。

希臘 Greece

希臘共和國，通稱希臘，是地處歐洲東南角、巴爾幹半島的南端的共和制國家。全國由半島南部的伯羅奔尼撒半島和愛琴海中的3，000餘座島嶼共同構成。希臘為連線歐亞非的戰略要地，其愛琴海亦是頗富盛名的旅遊聖地。

The Republic of Greece， generally called Greece， is a republic country located at European southeastern corner and southern tip of Balkan。 The whole country is jointly composed of Peloponnese in the south of Balkan and more than 3000 islands in the Aegean Sea。 Greece is a strategic area connecting Europe， Asia and Africa and its Aegean Sea is also a famous tourist destination。

泰國 Thailand

泰王國，通稱泰國，乃東南亞國家聯盟成員國和創始國之一，是世界著名的佛教國家，信奉四面佛。佛教徒佔全國人口九成以上。在20世紀90年代經濟突飛猛進，躋身成為“亞洲四小虎”之一。亦是世界聞名的旅遊勝地之一。

The Kingdom of Thailand， generally called Thailand， is a member state and founding nation of Association of Southeast Asian Nations and is the world famous Buddhist country where Erawan Shrine is believed in。 Buddhists account for more than 90 percent of the population in the whole country。 In the 1990s， its economy advanced rapidly and it became one of the “Four Asian Tigers”。 It is also one of the world famous tourist resorts。

格瑞那達 Grenada

格瑞那達是西印度群島中向風群島南部的一個國家，人口10。5萬。主要宗教為天主教，英聯邦成員國。首都聖喬治。農業和旅遊業是經濟的基礎，主要農產品肉豆蔻產量約佔世界總產量的三分之一。

Grenada is a country in the south of Windward Islands in West Indies， with a population of 105，000。 Its main religion is Catholic and it’s a member state of the British Commonwealth。 Its capital is Saint George’s。 Agriculture and tourism are the foundation of its economy， the output of main agricultural product nutmeg accounts for about one third of total output globally。

瓜地馬拉 Guatemala

瓜地馬拉共和國，通稱瓜地馬拉，位於中美洲，西瀕太平洋，東臨加勒比海，北與墨西哥接壤，東北鄰貝里斯，東南鄰宏都拉斯和薩爾瓦多。該國人權狀況不佳，原住民語言廣播一直處於非法狀態，直至最近才有所緩解。

The Republic of Guatemala， generally called Guatemala， is located in Central America； it’s next to Pacific Ocean in the west， Caribbean Sea in the east， bordering on Mexico in the north， adjacent to Belize in the northeast and Honduras and Salvador in the south。 The conditions of human rights are not good in this country； indigenous language broadcasting has been in an illegal state and hasn’t been relieved until recently。

布亞新幾內亞 Papua New Guinea

巴布亞紐幾內亞獨立國，簡稱巴布亞紐幾內亞或巴新，位於太平洋西南部島嶼國家，西鄰印度尼西亞的巴布亞省，南部和東部分別與澳大利亞和索羅門群島隔海相望。巴布亞紐幾內亞有705萬人，是大洋洲人口第二多的國家。

The Independent State of Papua New Guinea， called Papua New Guinea for short， is an island country in the southwest of Pacific Ocean； it’s adjacent to Papua Province of Indonesia in the west and separated by sea with Australia and Solomon Islands in the south and east respectively。 The population of Papua New Guinea is 7。05 million and it’s the second largest country in population in Oceania。

蓋亞那 Guyana

位於南美洲北部，是南美洲唯一以英語為官方語言的國家，也是英聯邦成員國。東鄰蘇利南，南臨巴西，西鄰委內瑞拉，北鄰大西洋。雖地處南美洲，為南美洲國家聯盟的成員國，傳統上及歷史上與加勒比海諸島的關係密切。

It’s located in the north of South America and is the only country taking English as its official language in South America； it’s also a member state of the British Commonwealth。 It’s adjacent to Surinam in the east， Brazil in the south， Venezuela in the west and the Atlantic Ocean in the north。 Although it’s located in South America and is a member stage of Union of South American Nations， it has close relations with Caribbean isles traditionally and historically。

海地共和國The Republic of Haiti

統稱海地，位於加勒比海的島國。全境位於加勒比海第二大島伊斯帕尼奧拉島（又稱海地島）西半部，東與多明尼加共和國接壤。海地是世界上最不發達的國家之一。1804年1月1日宣告獨立，是世界上第一個獨立的黑人國家。

It’s generally called Haiti， a country in Caribbean Sea。 Its whole territory is located in western part of the second largest island of Caribbean Sea—Hispaniola （also called Haiti Island）。 It borders on Dominican Republic in the east。 Haiti is one of the least developed countries in the world。 On January 1， 1804， Haiti declared independence and it is the first independent country in the world。

宏都拉斯共和國 The Republic of Honduras

宏都拉斯共和國，通稱宏都拉斯，中美洲共和制國家，西鄰瓜地馬拉，西南接薩爾瓦多，東南毗尼加拉瓜，東、北方濱加勒比海，南臨太平洋的洪塞加灣。首都特古西加爾巴，礦產資源豐富，其中白銀的蘊藏量在中美佔第1位。

The Republic of Honduras， generally called Honduras， is a republic country in Central America； it’s adjacent to Guatemala in the west， Salvador in the southwest， Nicaragua in the southeast， Caribbean Sea in the east and north and Honsega Bay in Pacific Ocean。 Its capital Tegucigalpa has rich mineral resources， of which， silver reserves rank the first in Central America。

匈牙利 Hungary

位於歐洲中部的內陸國家，與奧地利、斯洛伐克、烏克蘭、羅馬尼亞、塞爾維亞、克羅埃西亞和斯洛維尼亞接壤，人口約1000萬，首都為布達佩斯。官方語言為匈牙利語，是歐洲最廣泛使用的非印歐語系語言，人均國生產總值達到中等發達國家水平。

It’s an inland country in central Europe， bordering on Austria， Slovakia， Ukraine， Romania， Serbia， Croatia and Slovenia， with the population of about 10，000，000 and capital of Budapest。 Its official language Hungarian is a non-Indo-European language that is most widely used in Europe； its per capita GDP reaches moderately developed country level。

冰島 Iceland

北大西洋中島國，位於北大西洋和北冰洋的交匯處，通常被視為北歐五國之一。冰島國土面積為10。3萬平方千米，人口約為32萬，是歐洲人口密度最小的國家。冰島地處大西洋中洋脊上，是一個多火山、地質活動頻繁的國家。

It’s an island country in North Atlantic Ocean， at the junction of North Atlantic Ocean and Arctic Ocean； generally， its’ regarded as one of the Five Nordic Countries。 The national territorial area of Iceland is 103000 square kilometers， with population of about 320000； it’s a country with the smallest population density in Europe。 Iceland is located on ocean ridge of Atlantic Ocean and it is a country with more volcanoes and frequent geological activities。

印度 India

印度共和國，通稱印度，是南亞印度次大陸上的一個國家，英聯邦的會員國之一。印度是世界上人口第二多的國家，僅次於中國，佔世界人口的近五分之一，與中國是世界上僅有的人口超越10億的兩個國家。

The Republic of India， generally called India， is a country on Indian Subcontinent in South Asia and a member state of the British Commonwealth。 India is the world’s second largest country in population， only second to China； its population accounts for nearly 1/5 globally； India and China are the two countries in the world whose population exceeds 1 billion。

印度尼西亞 Indonesia

印度尼西亞共和國，簡稱印度尼西亞或印尼，是全世界最大的群島國家，疆域橫跨亞洲及大洋洲，別稱“千島之國”。各島處處青山綠水，四季皆夏，人們稱它為“赤道上的翡翠”，印尼是世界第四人口大國。

The Republic of Indonesia， called Indonesia or Id for short， is the world’s largest archipelago country。 Its territory crosses Asia and Oceania and another name is “a country with thousands of islands”。 All the islands have green mountains and clear waters everywhere， have summer at all seasons， so people call it “a jade on the equator”； Indonesia is the world’s fourth largest country in population。

伊朗 Iran

伊朗伊斯蘭共和國，簡稱伊朗，位於亞洲西南部，國土面積為1，648，195平方千米，國土主要位於伊朗高原上，氣候較為乾燥，人口約7700萬人，首都德黑蘭，官方語言為波斯語，為多民族國家。

The Islamic Republic of Iran， called Iran for short， is located in the southwest of Asia， with national territorial area of 1，648，195 square kilometers； its territory is mainly on Iranian Plateau and the climate is relatively dry； the population is about 77 million and its capital is Tehran； its official language is Persian and it’s a multi-national state。

伊拉克 Iraq

伊拉克共和國，簡稱伊拉克，位於亞洲西南部中東地區的國家。南與沙烏地阿拉伯、科威特接壤，伊朗和約旦各位於其東西兩側。伊拉克所在的地區在歷史上曾被稱為美索不達米亞，是人類文明的主要發源地之一。

The Republic of Iraq， called Iraq for short， is a country located in Middle East region in the southwest of Asia。 It borders on Sandi Arabia and Kuwait in the south and is sandwiched between Iran and Jordan in the east and west。 The region where Iraq is located was once called Mesopotamia in history and is one of main cradles of human civilization。

愛爾蘭 Ireland

愛爾蘭共和國，通稱愛爾蘭，歐盟成員國之一，位於歐洲西北海岸的愛爾蘭島，約佔該島南部的5/6面積。剩餘東北部的1/6面積屬於英國，稱北愛爾蘭。首都位於愛爾蘭島東部的都柏林。愛爾蘭是一個議會共和制國家。

The Republic of Ireland， generally called Ireland， a member state of EU， is located in Ireland Island at the northwestern coast of Europe， accounting for about 5/6 of area in the south of this island。 The remaining 1/6 of area in the northeast belongs to England， which is called Northern Ireland。 Its capital is Dublin which is in the east of Ireland Island。 Ireland is a parliamentary republic country。

以色列 Israel

以色列，位於地中海的東南岸，北靠黎巴嫩，東臨敘利亞和約旦，西南邊境與埃及接壤。於1948年宣佈獨立，是世界上唯一以猶太人為主體的國家。以色列的科學家在遺傳學、計算機科學、光學、工程學等技術生產上的貢獻都相當傑出。

Israel is located at southeastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea， next to Lebanon in the north and Syria and Jordan in the east， bordering on Egypt in the southwest。 It declared independence in 1948 and it’s the only country in the world where Jews prevail。 Israeli scientists have made outstanding contributions to technological production of genetics， computer science， optics and engineering science。

義大利 Italy

義大利共和國，主要由亞平寧半島及兩個位於地中海中的島嶼西西里島與薩丁島所組成。是歐洲人口第5多的國家，也是世界上人口第23多的國家。因為擁有美麗的自然風光和為數眾多的人類文化遺產而被稱為“美麗的國度”。

The Republic of Italy is mainly composed of Apennine Peninsula and two islands located in Mediterranean Sea—Sicily and Sardinia。 Its population is the fifth largest in Europe and the 23rd largest in the world。 It’s called “a beautiful country” thanks to its beautiful natural scenery and numerous human culture heritages。

牙買加 Jamaica

牙買加是加勒比海地區的一個島國。1494年哥倫布來到牙買加，不久後就變成西班牙人的殖民地，1955年被大英帝國佔領。1962年8月6日牙買加宣告獨立，目前是英聯邦成員國之一

Jamaica is an island country in Caribbean Sea region。 In 1494， Columbus came to Jamaica and it soon became a Spanish colony； it was occupied by the British Empire in 1955。 On August 6， 1962， Jamaica declared independence and it is now a member state of the British Commonwealth。

日本 Japan

位於東亞的一個島嶼國家，由日本列島和七千兩百多個小島組成，國土面積約37。78萬平方公里。“日本”的意思為“朝陽升起的地方”。由於日本地處中國東面的海洋上，故此中文又稱其為“東瀛”或“東洋”。

It’s an island country in East Asia and composed of Japanese Islands and more than 7200 small islands， with national territorial area of about 377800 square kilometers。 The meaning of “Japan” is “the place where the sun rises”。 Since Japan is located on the ocean in the east of China， it’s called “Dongying” or “Dongyang” in Chinese。

約旦 Jordan

約旦雜湊姆王國是中東的一個國家，它北臨敘利亞，東北伊拉克接壤，東南與沙烏地阿拉伯相連，西臨以色列和巴勒斯坦。92%以上的居民信奉伊斯蘭教，屬遜尼派；信奉基督教的約佔6%，主要屬希臘東正教派。

The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan is a country in the Middle East and it’s next to Syria in the north and bordering on Iraq in the northeast and connected with Saudi Arabia in the southeast and next to Israel and Palestine in the west。 More than 92% of its residents believe in Islam， belonging to Sunnite； those who believe in Christianity account for about 6%， mainly belonging to Greek Orthodox Church。

哈薩克 Kazakhstan

哈薩克共和國簡稱哈薩克、哈薩克，國名取自其最大民族哈薩克族，哈薩克為跨大陸國家，地跨亞歐兩洲，主要位於中亞北部，在烏拉爾河的一小部分領土位於歐洲。主要城市為阿拉木圖， 首都為阿斯塔納。

The Republic of Kazakhstan is called Kazakhstan or Kazak for short； the country is named after its largest nationality—Kazakhstan。 Kazakhstan is a transcontinental country， across Europe and Asia； it’s mainly located in the north of Central Asia， a small part of its territory at Ural River is in Europe。 Its main city is Alma-ata and its capital is Astana。

肯亞共和國 The Republic of Kenya

肯亞位於非洲東部，赤道橫貫中部，東非大裂谷縱貫南北。東鄰索馬利亞，南接坦尚尼亞，西連烏干達，北與衣索比亞、南蘇丹交界，東南瀕臨印度洋，境內多高原，平均海拔1500米。中部的基里尼亞加峰海拔5199米，為非洲第二高峰。

Kenya is in the east of Africa， with equator across its central part and the Great Rift Valley throughout its north and south。 It’s next to Somalia in the east， Tanzania in the south， Uganda in the west and bordering on Ethiopia and South Sudan in the north and the Indian Ocean in the southeast。 There are any plateaus in its territory， with an average elevation of 1500 meters。 Central Kirinyaga Peak is 5199 meters above sea level， which is the second highest peak in Africa。

基裡巴斯共和國 The Republic of Kiribati

基裡巴斯共和國，是太平洋上的一個島國，世界最不發達國家之一，分成吉爾伯特群島、鳳凰群島和萊恩群島三大群島，共有32個環礁及1個珊瑚島擁，有世界最大的海洋保護區。目前面臨氣候變暖，島國淹沒的危險。

The Republic of Kiribati is an island country on the Pacific Ocean and one of the world’s least developed countries。 It’s divided into three islands including Gilbert Islands， Phoenix Islands and Line Islands； there are total 32 atolls and 1 coral island； it has the world’s largest marine conservation area。 At present， it is faced with the danger of submersed island country due to climate warming。

朝鮮 North Korea

位於東亞朝鮮半島北部的國家，北部與中國和俄羅斯接壤，於第二次世界大戰後的1948年9月9日成立，其領土約佔朝鮮半島總面積的5/9。首都為平壤。南部與大韓民國以三八線朝韓非軍事區分隔。

It’s a country located in the north of Korean Peninsula in East Asia， bordering on China and Russia in the north； it was founded on September 9， 1948 after World War II and its territory accounts for about 5/9 of total area of Korean Peninsula。 Its capital is Pyongyang and its south is separated from the Republic of Korea by the 38th Parallel Korean DMZ。

韓國 Korea

大韓民國是位於東北亞朝鮮半島南部的民主共和國，簡稱韓國， 首都為首爾。韓國三面環海，西南瀕臨黃海，東南是朝鮮海峽，東邊是日本海，北面隔著三八線朝韓非軍事區與朝鮮民主主義人民共和國相鄰。

The Republic of Korea is a democratic republic located in the south of Korean Peninsula in Northeast Asia， referred to as South Korea， with its capital Seoul。 South Korea is surrounded by sea at three sides， next to Yellow Sea in the Southwest， Korea Strait in the southeast and Japan Sea in the east； and it’s adjacent to the Democratic People‘s Republic of Korea separated by the 38th Parallel Korean Demilitarized Zone。

科威特 Kuwait

科威特國，位於西南亞阿拉伯半島東北部、波斯灣西北岸的君主制國家，曾是英國的殖民地。科威特石油和天然氣資源儲量豐富，已探明石油儲量居全球第四位，因此油氣出口是國民經濟的重要支柱。

The State of Kuwait is a monarchical country located in the northeast of Arabian Peninsula in Southwest Asia and was once a British colony。 Kuwait’s oil and gas resource reserves are abundant and the verified oil reserve ranks the fourth globally， so the export of oil and gas is the important pillar of its national economy。

吉爾吉斯坦 Kyrgyzstan

吉爾吉斯共和國，簡稱吉爾吉斯斯坦，是一個位於中亞的內陸國家，首都比什凱克是吉爾吉斯斯坦。1991年從原蘇聯獨立，成為獨聯體成員國。2001年起成為上海合作組織成員國，2009年起為突厥議會成員國。

Kyrgyz republic， called kyrgyzstan for short， is an inland country located in central Asia， Bishkek is its capital。 It was independent from the former Soviet Union in 1991 and became a member of CIS。 It has become a member state of Shanghai Cooperation Organization since 2001 and a member state of Turkic Council since 2009。

寮國 Loas

寮國人民民主共和國，簡稱寮國是中南半島上的一個內陸國家。歷史上曾是真臘王國的一部分。13至18世紀是南掌，之後受暹羅和越南入侵，之後受法國入侵，1893年淪為法國殖民地。寮國是東南亞國家聯盟成員國。

The Lao People‘s Democratic Republic， referred to as Laos， is an inland country on Indochina Peninsula。 It was a part of Kingdom of Chenla historically。 From the 13th to 18th century， it was called Nanzhang， then it was invaded by Siam and Vietnam and then invaded by France and became the colony of France in 1893。 Laos is a member state of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations。

拉脫維亞共和國 The Republic of Latvia

拉脫維亞共和國，簡稱拉脫維亞是一個位於東北歐波羅的海沿岸國家。2004年3月29日成為北大西洋公約組織的會員國，2007年12月21日成為申根公約會員國。2014年1月1日成為第十八個使用歐元的歐盟國家。

The Republic of Latvia， referred to as Latvia， is a country along the Baltic in the northeastern Europe。 On March 29， 2004， it became a member state of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization； on December 21， 2007， it became a member state of Schengen Convention and on January 1， 2014， it became the 18th EU country using euro。

賴索托王國 The Kingdom of Lesotho

賴索托王國，簡稱賴索托，位處非洲南部，全世界最大的國中之國，全境完全被南非共和國包圍。因地處高原，賴索托也被稱為“天空王國”。賴索托是英聯邦成員國，1966年10月4日從英國獨立。

The Kingdom of Lesotho， referred to as Lesotho， located in southern Africa， is the world’s largest state within a state； the whole country is completely surrounded by the Republic of South Africa。 Because it is located in a plateau， Lesotho is also known as the “Kingdom of Sky”。 Lesotho is a member state of the British Commonwealth and it was independent from England on October 4， 1966。

賴比瑞亞共和國 The Republic of Liberia

賴比瑞亞共和國，位於西非，北接幾內亞，西北接獅子山，東鄰象牙海岸，西南瀕大西洋。 19世紀初，一些美國黑奴解放後有計劃地移居到現在被稱作賴比瑞亞的地區，所以國名在英文有“自由”和“解放”的意思。

The Republic of Liberia is located in West Africa and it’s adjacent to Guinea in the north， Sierra Leone in the northwest， Ivory Coast in the east and the Atlantic Ocean in the southwest。 In the early 19th century， some American negro slaves immigrated to the area which is now called Liberia in a planned way after the liberation， so the country name has the meaning of “freedom” and “liberation”。

列支敦斯登公國 The Principality of Liechtenstein

列支敦斯登公國，夾在瑞士與奧地利兩國間，是唯一一個官方語言是德語但與德國沒有交界的國家。其人均國內生產總值高達60，000歐元，是一個以阿爾卑斯山美麗風光、避稅天堂與高生活水平而著稱的富裕小國。

The principality of Liechtenstein， sandwiched between Switzerland and Austria， is the only country whose official language is German， but it is not adjacent to Germany。 Its per capita GDP reaches up to 60，000 Euros and it is a rich small country known for beautiful scenery of Alps， tax haven and high standard of living。

立陶宛 The Republic of Lithuania

簡稱為立陶宛，位於東北歐，是波羅的海三國之一，北接拉脫維亞，東南接白俄羅斯，南接波蘭，西南接俄羅斯的加里寧格勒州，西濱波羅的海，首都維爾紐斯。它是歐盟、北約、申根公約及多個國際組織的成員。

The Republic of Lithuania is referred to as Lithuania， located in northeastern Europe。 It is one of the three countries of the Baltic Sea， Its north side is Latvia， south side is Poland and connects to Belarus in the southeast， and it joins the state of Kaliningrad of Russian in the southwest， and its west coast is the Baltic sea with the capital Vilnius。 It is a member of the EU， NATO， the Schengen Convention and a number of international organizations。

盧森堡 The Grand Duchy of Luxembourg

全稱為盧森堡大公國 ，被鄰國法國、德國和比利時包圍，位於歐洲的內陸國家，也是現今歐洲大陸僅存的大公國，首都盧森堡市。盧森堡是歐盟成員國。盧森堡曾是工業國家，現在則是全球最大的金融中心之一。

Luxemburg is called the Grand Duchy of Luxemburg， and surrounded by neighboring countries such as France， Germany and Belgium， and it is a landlocked country in Europe， and it is also the only Grand Duchy of continental Europe， and the capital city is Luxemburg。 Luxemburg is a member of the European Union。 Luxemburg was once one of the industrial countries， and is now one of the world‘s largest financial center。

馬其頓 Macedonia

馬其頓共和國是位於東南歐的巴爾幹半島南部的內陸國家，東臨保加利亞，北臨塞爾維亞，西臨阿爾巴尼亞，南臨希臘。原為南斯拉夫的一部分，1991年南斯拉夫社會主義聯邦共和國解體後獲得獨立。

The Republic of Macedonia is a landlocked country located in the southern Balkan Peninsula of southeastern Europe and its east side is Bulgarian， its north side is Serbia with Albania in the west， Greece in the south。 It is originally part of Yugoslavia， and it gained independence after the disintegration of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in 1991。

紐西蘭 New Zealand

紐西蘭，又譯紐西蘭，位於太平洋西南部的一個島嶼國家，首都為惠靈頓，但最大的城市為奧克蘭都會區。紐西蘭氣候宜人、環境清新、風景優美、旅遊勝地遍佈、生活水平排名聯合國人類發展指數第6位。

New Zealand， can also be translated as Niuxilan， is an island country located in the southwest of the Pacific， whose capital is Wellington， but the largest city is Oakland metropolitan area。 New Zealand has a pleasant climate， beautiful scenery， fresh environment， and has many tourist resorts and its living standards rank sixth throughout the UN human development index。

秘魯 Peru

全稱為秘魯共和國，是南美洲西部的一個國家，北鄰厄瓜多和哥倫比亞，東與巴西和玻利維亞接壤，南接智利，西瀕太平洋，是南美洲國家聯盟的成員國。孕育了美洲最早人類文明之一的小北史前文明。

Peru known as The Republic of Peru， is a country in western South America。 Its north side is Ecuador and Columbia， and borders Brazil and Bolivia in the east。 It borders Chile in the south and it is at the coast of the Pacific in the west。 It is a member of the union of South American countries。 It bred Small North American prehistoric civilization， which is one of the earliest human civilizations。

菲律賓 Philippines

菲律賓共和國簡稱菲律賓，位於東南亞的一個群島國家，處於西太平洋，作為一個座落於環太平洋地震帶上的熱帶國家，菲律賓常年飽受地震與颱風侵襲，然而其氣候環境也造就了豐富的自然資源與生物多樣性。

The Republic of Philippines is referred to as Philippines， and it’s an island country in Southeast Asia located in the Western Pacific。 As a tropical country located in circum Pacific seismic belt， Philippines suffer from the earthquake and typhoon invasion perennially。 However， the climate environment has also created a rich natural resources and biodiversity。

波蘭 Poland

波蘭共和國，簡稱波蘭，古稱孛烈兒，是一個由16個省組成的民主共和制國家，北面瀕臨波羅的海，西面與德國接壤，南部與捷克和斯洛伐克為鄰，烏克蘭和白俄羅斯在東，東北部和立陶宛及俄羅斯加里寧格勒州接壤。

The Poland Republic， is referred to as Poland， and it is called Marco Strong Son in the ancient times。 It is a Democratic Republic country composed of 16 provinces。 It is on the Baltic Sea in the north， and borders Germany the west， and neighbors Czech and the Slovakia in the south， and Ukraine and Belarus are in the east， and borders Lithuania and Russia Ross Kaliningrad in the northeast。

新加坡 Singapore

新加坡共和國，通稱新加坡，是東南亞的一個島國，也是一個城邦。該國位於馬來半島南端，毗鄰馬六甲海峽南口，其南面有新加坡海峽與印尼相隔，北面有柔佛海峽與西馬來西亞相隔。新加坡的國土除了本島之外，還包括周圍數島。

Singapore， Known as the Republic of Singapore， is an island country in Southeast Asia， and also a city-state。 The country is located in the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula， adjacent to the south of the Strait of Malacca， and it is separated from Indonesia by the Straits of Singapore in the south and it is also separated from Malaysia by the Johore strait in the north。 In addition to Singapore’s own island， it also includes a few islands around the island。

蘇利南 Suriname

蘇利南共和國位於南美洲北部，是南美洲國家聯盟的成員國。該國舊稱荷屬蓋亞那，原為荷蘭在南美洲的殖民遺蹟，1954年成為荷蘭王國海外自治省，1975年時獨立。首都帕拉馬裡博為蘇裡南河河口的商港。

The Republic of Suriname is located in the northern side of South America， and it is one of the members of the union of South American countries。 The country is formerly known as Dutch Guyana， and it is formerly the colonial heritage of Holland in South America， and it became the autonomous overseas province of the kingdom of Holland in 1954。 It gained independence in 1975。 The capital city——-Paramaribo is the commercial port of the estuary of Suriname River。

瑞典 Sweden

瑞典王國是一個位於斯堪地納維亞半島的北歐國家，首都為斯德哥爾摩。瑞典與丹麥、德國、波蘭、俄羅斯、立陶宛、拉脫維亞和愛沙尼亞隔海相望，於西南透過厄勒海峽大橋與丹麥相連。瑞典於1995年加入歐洲聯盟。

The kingdom of Sweden is a Nordic country located in a Scandinavian Peninsula， whose capital is Stockholm。 Sweden can see Denmark， Germany， Poland， Russia， Lithuania， Latvia and Estonia across the sea and connects to Denmark by the Oresund Bridge in the southwest。 Sweden joined the European Union in 1995。

瑞士 Swiss

瑞士聯邦通稱瑞士為中歐國家之一，劃分為26個州。瑞士為聯邦制國家，伯爾尼是聯邦政府所在地。瑞士北接德國，西鄰法國，南接義大利，東臨奧地利和列支敦斯登。是全球最富裕、經濟最發達和生活水平最高的國家之一。

The Swiss Confederation， commonly known as the Switzerland， is one of the central European countries， and it is divided into 26 states。 Switzerland is a federal country； Bern is the seat of the federal government。 Switzerland borders Germany in the north， France in the west， Italy in the south， and Austria and Liechtenstein in the east。 It is one of the world‘s most affluent， economically developed and with the highest standards of living countries in the world。

英國 The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

英國簡稱聯合王國或不列顛，東亞地區通稱英國，是由大不列顛島上的英格蘭、蘇格蘭和威爾士，以及愛爾蘭島東北部的北愛爾蘭以及一系列附屬島嶼共同組成的一個西歐島國。中文裡的英國一詞即由“英格蘭”而來。

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is referred to as the United Kingdom or the Britain， and East Asian countries usually call it England。 It is a western European country composed of England， Scotland and Wales on the island of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in the north-east of the island of Ireland and a series of affiliated islands。 The word England in Chinese comes from “England”。

美國 United States of America

美國美利堅合眾國，簡稱美國，位於北美洲中部，東臨大西洋，西臨太平洋，北面是加拿大，南部和墨西哥及墨西哥灣接壤。除阿拉斯加州和夏威夷州之外，48個州都位於美國本土。而在加勒比海和太平洋還擁有多處領土和島嶼地區。

The United States of America is referred to as American， which is located in the centre of North America。 Its east side is the Atlantic； west is Pacific； north is Canada， and it borders Mexico and the Gulf of Mexico in the south。 In addition to Alaska and Hawaii， the other 48 states are located in the American mainland。 It also has many territories and island area in the Caribbean and the Pacific。

委內瑞拉 Venezuela

委內瑞拉玻利瓦爾共和國，簡稱委內瑞拉，是一個位於南美洲北部的熱帶國家，為南美洲國家聯盟的成員國。首都為加拉加斯。海岸線包括北部加勒比海及東北部大西洋島嶼總長約2，800公里。

The Bolivar Republic of Venezuela， is referred to as Venezuela and is a tropical country located in the north of South America。 It is a member of the union of South American countries。 Its capital is Caracas。 The coastline includes the northern Caribbean islands and northeastern the Atlantic with a total length of 2800 km。

越南 Vietnam

越南社會主義共和國，簡稱越南，國土面積約33萬平方公里，位於東南亞中南半島東端，北緯8°30′至23°22′，東經102°10′至109°30′，與柬埔寨、寮國和中國接壤。越南為東南亞國家聯盟成員之一。

The Socialist Republic of Vietnam is referred to as the Vietnam， the land area of Vietnam about 330000 square kilometers。 It is located in the east of the Indo-China Peninsula of the Southeast Asia。 It is located from north latitude 8 degrees 30 ’to 23 degrees 10 ‘ and east longitude 102 degrees 22’ to 109 degrees 30’， bordering with Kampuchea， Laos and China。 Vietnam is one of the members of the association of Southeast Asian Nations。

葉門 Yemen

葉門共和國，簡稱葉門，為西南亞國家，阿拉伯海和紅海邊緣，位於阿曼和沙烏地阿拉伯之間。1990年5月22日由阿拉伯葉門共和國（北葉門）和葉門民主人民共和國合併組成。有“第一槍國”之稱。

The Republic of Yemen is referred to as Yemen and it is southwestern Asian countries。 It is located in the edge of Arabian Sea and the Red Sea and located between Oman and Saudi Arabia。 It is composed by the Arabian Republic of Yemen （North Yemen） and the Democratic People‘s Republic of Yemen in May 22， 1990。 It is called as the “first gun country”。

馬耳他 Malta

馬耳他共和國，通稱馬耳他，位於地中海，是南歐的共和制的一個微型國家，英聯邦成員國。首都瓦萊塔，有“地中海心臟”之稱，是一處著名的休閒度假地區。因地處地中海重要戰略位置，馬耳他在歷史上曾被多個民族佔領。

The Republic of Malta， known as Malta， is located in the Mediterranean。 It is a miniature of National Republic of southern Europe， and a member of the Commonwealth of Nations。 The capital city is Valletta， and it is also called ”the heart of the Mediterranean“ and is a famous leisure area。 As it is located in important strategic position of the Mediterranean， Malta has been occupied by many nations in history。

帛琉 Palau

帛琉共和國，是太平洋上的島國，位於菲律賓群島以東500公里。帛琉1994年從美國的託管統治下獨立。主要產業是漁業和旅遊業，主要宗教信仰是基督教和古老的Modekngei教派，70%人口屬密克羅尼西亞當地原住民。

The Republic of Palau is an island country in the Pacific， located 500 kilometers east of the Philippines islands。 Palau gained independence in 1994 from the trusteeship of America。 The main industries are fishing and tourism and the main religion is Christianity and the ancient sect of the Modekngei， and 70% of the population is Micronesia natives。

蒙古 Mongolia

蒙古國，是位於中華人民共和國以北、俄羅斯聯邦以南被中、俄兩國包圍的一個亞洲內陸國家（全球第二大內陸國），首都烏蘭巴托，總人口268。34萬人，面積約156。65萬平方公里，銅、鉬礦的儲存量居亞洲之首。

Mongolia is an inland country located in the north of the people’s Republic of China and in the south of Russia， surrounded by China and Russia （the world‘s second largest inland country）。 Its capital is Ulan Bator， and the total population is 2，683，400 people， with an area of about 1，566，500 square kilometers。 The storage capacity of copper and molybdenum ranks first in Asia。

緬甸 Burma

緬甸聯邦共和國簡稱緬甸，是東南亞國家聯盟成員國之一。西南臨安達曼海，西北與印度和孟加拉國為鄰，東北靠中國，東南接泰國與寮國，首都內比都。緬甸有約6028萬國民，68%為緬族。緬甸是一個以農業為主的國家。

The Federal Republic of Burma is referred to as Burma， and it is a member of the association of Southeast Asian nations。 Its southwestern side is the Andamam Sea and its northwestern neighbors with India and Bangladesh and its northeast is China， connecting Thailand and Laos in the southeast。 Its capital is Naypyidaw。 Burma has a population of approximate 60， 280，000， among which 68% are Burmese。 Burma is a predominantly agricultural country。

馬來西亞 Malaysia

馬來西亞聯邦，簡稱馬國，是東南亞國家之一。2014年，總人口3000萬。首都為吉隆坡。其經濟在1990年代突飛猛進，為“亞洲四小虎”國家之一。現已成為亞洲地區引人注目的多元化新興工業國家和世界新興市場經濟體。

The Federation of Malaysia is referred to as the Malaysian， is one of the countries in Southeast Asia。 In 2014， the total population is 30，000，000。 The capital city is Kuala Lumpur。 Its economy made a spurt of progress in the 1990’s and became one of the ”national four tigers of Asia“。 It has now become a diversified and eye-catching emerging industrial country and emerging markets in the world economy in Asia。

黎巴嫩 Lebanon

黎巴嫩共和國位於亞洲西南部，地中海東部沿岸。黎巴嫩習慣上稱為中東國家。該國東部和北部與敘利亞接壤，南部與以色列（巴勒斯坦，邊界未劃定）為鄰，西瀕地中海。首都貝魯特。黎巴嫩旅遊業發達，境內有許多歷史文化古蹟。

The Republic of Lebanon is located in southwest Asia， Eastern Mediterranean coast。 Lebanon is traditionally known as the countries in the Middle East。 Its eastern and northern parts border with Syria， adjacent to Israel in the south （Palestine， boundary not designated）， and it is on the Mediterranean Sea coast in the west。 The capital city is Beirut。 Lebanon‘s tourism industry developed very fast， and there are many historical and cultural monuments in the territory。

沙烏地阿拉伯 Saudi Arabia

沙烏地阿拉伯，位於亞洲西南部的阿拉伯半島，國土面積2，250，000平方公里，首都利雅得。沙特是名副其實的“石油王國”，石油儲量和產量均居世界首位，使其成為世界上最富裕的國家之一，亦是世界上最大的淡化海水生產國。

Saudi Arabia is located in Arabia Peninsula in southwest Asia with a land area of 2，250，000 square kilometers， and the capital city is Riyadh。 Saudi Arabia is worthy of the name ”Kingdom of oil“。 The oil reserves and production rank first in the world， making it one of the richest countries in the world， and it is also the world’s largest producer of desalinated water。

卡達 Qatar

卡達是亞洲西部的一個阿拉伯國家，位於波斯灣西南岸的卡達半島上，與阿聯酋和沙烏地阿拉伯接壤。首都多哈，國土面積11，437平方公里，人口數量1，853，563，屬熱帶沙漠氣候。其天然氣的總儲量為全世界第三名。

Qatar is an Arabian country in west Asia and it is located in the Qatar Peninsula of the west coast of Persian Gulf， bordering with the UAE and Saudi Arabia。 Its capital city is Doha， and it has a land area of 11，437 square kilometers， with a population of 1，853，563。 It’s the tropical desert climate。 The total reserves of natural gas ranks third in the world。

烏克蘭 Ukraine

烏克蘭位於歐洲東部，是歐洲除俄羅斯外領土面積最大的國家。首 都基輔，烏克蘭地理位置重要，是歐洲聯盟與獨聯體特別是與俄羅斯地緣政治的交叉點。是世界上第三大糧食出口國，有著“歐洲糧倉”的美譽。其重工業在工業中佔據主要地位。

Ukraine is located in the Eastern Europe， and it is the largest country in Europe except Russia。 The capital city is Kiev。 Ukraine is in an important geographical location， as the European Union and the Commonwealth of Independent States especially with the crossing point of the Russian geopolitical politics。 It is the world‘s third largest food exporter， and has a reputation of ”European granary“。 Its heavy industry occupies a dominant position in the industry。

荷蘭 The Kingdom of Netherlands

荷蘭又稱尼德蘭王國，位於歐洲西偏北部，是著名的亞歐大陸橋的歐洲始發點。首都阿姆斯特丹，國土面積41864平方千米。荷蘭以海堤、風車、鬱金香和寬容的社會風氣而聞名，荷蘭對待毒品、性交易和墮胎的法律在全世界是最為自由化的。

Holland is also called the kingdom of Netherlands， and it is the origin point of the famous Asia-Europe continental bridge。 The capital city is Amsterdam， and it has a land area of 41，864 square kilometers。 Holland is famous for the seawall， windmills， tulips and tolerant social atmosphere。 The law about drugs， sex and abortion is the most liberal in the world。

羅馬尼亞 Romania

羅馬尼亞西邊分別與匈牙利與塞爾維亞接壤，南邊與保加利亞，北邊與東北則是烏克蘭與摩爾多瓦接壤。首都布加勒斯特是該地區最大的金融中心，國土面積238，391平方公里。誕生過諸如哈吉、穆圖、齊沃、拉杜喬尤等世界級足球明星。

Romania borders with Hungary and Serbia in the west respectively， Bulgaria in the south， Ukraine in the north and Moldova in the northeast。 Bucharest ——-capital of the country， is the region’s largest financial center， with a land area of 238，391 square kilometers。 The world soccer star such as Haji， Adrian Mutu， Chivu， Raducho are all born in this country。

聖馬利諾 The Republic of San Marino

聖馬利諾共和國，是世界上最小的國家之一，位於歐洲南部，義大利半島東部，整個國家被義大利包圍。首都聖馬利諾，國土面積61。2平方公里，人口數量31918人。聖馬利諾的工商業主要有銀行業、電子製造業和陶瓷製造業。

The Republic of San Marino， is one of the smallest countries in the world and it is located in the south of Europe and the eastern part of Italy Peninsula； the whole country is surrounded by Italy。 The capital city is San Marino， and it has a land area of 61。2 square kilometers， with a population of 31，918 people。 Industry and Commerce of San Marino are mainly banking， electronic manufacturing and ceramic manufacturing industry。

西班牙 The Kingdom of Spain

西班牙王國，位於歐洲西南部的君主立憲制國家，首都馬德里，國土面積505，925平方公里，人口數量46，610，000人。境內多山，歐洲高山國家之一。國民（GDP）居歐洲國家前列。它的製造業十分發達，是世界最大的造船國之一。

The kingdom of Spain is a European constitutional monarchy located in the southwest of Europe。 The capital city is Madrid， and it has a land area of 505，925 square kilometers， with a population of 46，610，000 people。 It is a mountainous territory， and one of the European alpine countries。 The gross domestic product （GDP） ranks at the forefront of European countries。 Its manufacturing industry is highly developed and it is one of the world‘s largest shipbuilding countries。

葡萄牙 The Portuguese Republic

葡萄牙，位於歐洲西南部的共和制國家。葡萄牙首都里斯本西的羅卡角是歐洲的最西端。國土面積92212平方公里，人口數量1049。71萬，葡萄牙母語為葡萄牙語，葡萄牙仍屬於發達國家，擁有完善的市場經濟。葡萄牙是歐盟成員國之一。

Portugal is a republic country located in southwestern Europe。 The Cape Roca which is in the west of the Portuguese capital——-Rees is the westernmost part of Europe。 The land area is 92， 212 square kilometers， with a population of 10，497，100。 The mother tongue of the Portugal is Portuguese， and Portugal still belongs to the developed countries， and has a perfect market economy。 Portugal is a member of the European Union。

利比亞 Libya

利比亞國是北非的一個國家，位於地中海南岸，與埃及、蘇丹、查德、尼日、阿爾及利亞跟突尼西亞相鄰。首都的黎波里，人口數量715萬。黎波里是一座擁有2700多年悠久歷史的古城，自古便是重要貿易中心和戰略要地。

Libya is a country of northern Africa located in the south of the Mediterranean， and adjacent to Egypt， Sultan， Chad， Niger， Algeria and Tunisia。 The capital city is Tripoli， with a population of 7。15 million。 Tripoli is an ancient city with a long history of 2，700 years， and it is an important trade center and strategic place since ancient times。