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如何透過閱讀文章來學英語?(二)

  • 由 賴世雄 發表于 垂釣
  • 2022-03-31
簡介The death toll、monsoon rains、taking shelter in、government-run、relief camps,對當年第一次嘗試讀新聞英語的我來說,這些都是看不懂的單詞或片語,但至少我瞭解 death(

cleared是什麼意思中文

賴世雄:我如何“讀”英文(二)

第一節:大量閱讀文章,拓展詞彙量

我現在用以下美聯社報導印度水災的文章作為範例,給大家講解如何透過閱讀文章學英文。

India Flooding Kills 96, Displaces 1 Million

— Guwahati, India, AP

The death toll in flooding from heavy monsoon rains in India has climbed past 90, with about a million people taking shelter in government-run relief camps, officials said Tuesday。

Incessant downpours have damaged swaths of land, uprooted trees and snapped telephone cables in dozens of districts in the states of Bihar in the east, Assam in the remote northeast and Himachal Pradesh in the north。

A total of 96 people have been killed in the flooding in the three states over the past week, according to state officials。

At least 17 rare one-horned rhinos have been killed due to the flooding of vast tracts of Assam‘s Kaziranga National Park, said Pramilla Rani Brahma, the state’s forest and environment minister。 “Most of the rhinos killed were calves, separated from their mothers during the massive flooding,” Brahma said。

The park had 1。5-meter-high (5-foot-high) floodwaters in some places, forcing many of the park‘s animals, also including wild elephants, wild buffaloes and boars, to cross a highway to move to higher ground。

The heavy monsoon rains have come after two straight years of drought in Indi On Monday, landslides and heavy rains blocked highways leading to Tibet and Manali, a tourist resort in Himachal Pradesh state, with hundreds of people stranded for several hours before rescuers cleared the way, the Press Trust of India news agency said。

In Bihar state, around 260,000 flood victims were taking shelter in more than 400 relief camps set up by the state government。 At least 400 medical camps have been set up as well to aid people who have spent several nights outdoors after their homes were submerged by rainwaters。

In Assam, where floodwaters started receding on Tuesday, some 3。8 million people have been affected by the floods, according to state authorities。 More than 700,000 have taken shelter in 770 relief camps。

第二步

要求自己第一天看懂第一段新聞,第二天看懂第二段,依此類推,少就是多,一天看一段就好。

第三步

以極慢的速度唸完第一段新聞,不能一遇到不懂的單詞就立刻停下來查字典,這樣只會造成 pause(停頓),導致無法瞭解全段的大意。

下面就以這篇美聯社報導古瓦哈提市新聞的第一段為例:

The

death

toll

in flooding from heavy

monsoon

rains

in India has climbed past 90, with about a million people

taking shelter in

government

-run

relief

camps

, officials said Tuesday。

The death toll、monsoon rains、taking shelter in、government-run、relief camps,對當年第一次嘗試讀新聞英語的我來說,這些都是看不懂的單詞或片語,但至少我瞭解 death(死亡)、rains(雨)、a million people(一百萬人)、government(政府)、camps(營;營區)這幾個單詞,所以在不查字典的情況下,我也能以極慢的速度把這段新聞唸完。由於我念得慢,也讓我大概可以瞭解這段新聞的大意:

“星期二有人聲稱,某地下大雨,造成高達九十人死亡,

大約有一百萬人待在政府相關的營區裡。”

記住:千萬不要在第一次看文章時,一碰到不熟的單詞就立刻查字典,這樣會讓你的思路被打斷,文章的整體大意就會抓不準確了,這就是為什麼第一遍一定要先念完文章的原因。大家想一想:我們在讀中文書報時,有時也會遇到不懂的單詞,但是我們懂得利用上下文,就可以理解文章的大意,而不會一看到不熟的單詞就馬上去查字典。所以讀英語時也一樣,讀第一遍時不要查字典。

如何透過閱讀文章來學英語?(二)

第四步

進入到第二遍時,就要逐句查字典。不論是認識的單詞,還是不認識的單詞,都要去查,而且還要把單詞的音標、字義、字詞的用法及例句,都抄在筆記本里。如:

1。 death [ dθ ] n。 死亡

be scared to death 嚇死了(誇張說法)

be sentenced to death 判處死刑

例:John’s sudden

death

shocked all of us。

(約翰的驟逝震驚了我們所有人。)

I

was scared to death

when I found my teacher standing behind me。

(我發現老師就站在我後面時,我被嚇個半死。)

The robber

was sentenced to death

(這名搶匪被判處死刑。)

2。 toll [ tol ] n。 傷亡人數

the death toll 死亡人數

例:

The death toll

of the earthquake has reached 10,000。

(這次地震造成的死亡人數已達一萬人。)

3。 flooding [ `fld ] n。 淹水

例:The heavy rain caused

flooding

in some low-lying areas。

(這場大雨在若干低窪地區造成洪澇淹水。)

flood [ fld ] n。 洪水(可數)& vt。 & vi。 淹沒

例:The

flood

claimed 25 lives。

(這次洪水奪走了二十五條人命。)

The whole village was flooded during the typhoon。

(颱風來時,整個村莊都淹水了。)

4。 monsoon [ man`sun ] n。 季節雨;梅雨

5。 shelter [ `lt ] n。 遮蔽;庇護

take shelter 躲避(風雨、炸彈等)

例:It‘s raining now。 Let’s

take shelter

in the temple。

(現在正在下雨。咱們到廟裡面去躲一下雨吧。)

6。 government-run [ `gvnmntrn ] 政府經營的;公家設立的

a government-run business 國營企業

a privately-run business 民營企業

7。 relief [ rI`lif ] n。 救濟;解脫;輕鬆

a relief camp 救濟營;難民收容所

To sb‘s relief, 。。。 令某人鬆口氣的是,……

例:

To my relief

, I passed the test。

(讓我鬆口氣的是,我考試及格了。)

大家可以看到,上面的這些重要單詞,我不只是查出字義而已,我還記下其它字義。更重要的是,我都儘量附上例句和用法,因為只有這樣做才能更充分地瞭解如何使用這些單詞。而我的這些筆記都不是用連續兩三個小時完成的,全部都是在下課或課外活動時間一點一滴積累下來的。美國第十六任總統林肯有句名言:“I will study and get ready, and perhaps my chance will come。”(我要讀書並做好準備,也許我的機會就會到來。)我在寫筆記的過程中,一直把他的這句話用來勉勵自己要堅持到底!

順便提一下,我抄筆記的速度很快,字跡潦草,不過仍在我可以看得懂的範圍內。這個做法可以省下許多時間用來繼續看英文報紙的內容。

第五步

將第一段新聞譯成中文。

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