人教版高中英語選修八（Book 8 Unit 4）

Unit 4　 Pygmalion

假如你叫李華，你的加拿大筆友Jean來信，表示想學習中國畫，但是對中國畫不太瞭解，請你根據下面內容，給Jean回信，簡單介紹中國畫的有關知識。

1。中國傳統繪畫是我國文化遺產的重要組成部分，歷史悠久，深受人們的喜愛。

2。傳統國畫的作畫工具有：毛筆、墨、宣紙（Xuan paper）、顏料（pigment）。

3。中國傳統繪畫的重要特徵是：詩、書（calligraphy）、畫、印（seal）完美結合。

4。中國歷史上有許多傳統的國畫家，如齊白石，擅長畫蝦；徐悲鴻，對畫馬頗有研究。

Dear Jean，

I am very glad to learn from your letter that you like Chinese painting。

The traditional Chinese painting，an important part of our country‘s cultural heritage，has a long history。It is very popular among people at home and abroad。What we need for painting are writing brushes，Chinese ink，Xuan paper and pigments。Besides，an important feature of Chinese painting is that a painter should combine pictures，poems，calligraphy and seals perfectly。 In fact，many painters are at the same time a calligrapher and a poet as well。

In Chinese history，there are many famous traditional painters，including Qi Baishi and Xu Beihong。Qi Baishi was proficient in painting little shrimps while Xu Beihong was famous for his lively horses。

Yours，

Li Hua

1。文章體裁：應用文——書信。

2。行文邏輯：引出話題→介紹中國畫。

3。詞彙短語：運用了較高階的詞彙和短語。如：at home and abroad （國內外），Besides（另外），In fact（實際上）等。

4。句式句法：運用了多樣化的句式結構。如：①賓語從句：that you like Chinese painting；②主語從句：What we need for painting；③表語從句：that a painter should combine pictures，poems，calligraphy and seals perfectly；④並列句：while Xu Beihong was famous for his lively horses等。

Ⅰ.單詞薈萃

1。superior adj。優秀的；較高的；上級的 n。上級；長官→junior adj。（反義詞）年少的；後進的；下級的 n。年少者，晚輩

2。adaptation n。適應（性）；改編本→adapt vt。改編；（使）適應

3。classic adj。經典的；第一流的 n。經典著作→classical adj。古典的；經典的；傳統的

4。fateful adj。重要的；決定性的；命中註定的→fate n。命運

5。hesitate vi。猶豫；躊躇→hesitation n。躊躇；猶豫

6。uncomfortable adj。不舒服的；不安的；不自在的→uncomfortably adv。不舒服地；不自在地

7。troublesome adj。帶來麻煩的；使人心煩的→trouble n。麻煩

8。disguise vt。偽裝；假扮；遮掩 n。偽裝→in disguise偽裝（的）；假扮（的）

9。mistaken adj。（見解或判斷上）錯誤的；不正確的→mistake n。 & v。誤會

10。classify vt。把……分類；把……歸類→classification n。分類；歸類

11。extraordinary adj。不同尋常的；非凡的→ordinary adj。平常的；普通的

12。properly adv。適當地；恰當地→proper adj。適當的

13。fortune n。機會；運氣；大筆的錢→fortunate adj。幸運的→fortunately adv。幸運地

14。disapprove vt。& vi。不贊成；反對；認為不好→approve vt。批准；贊成→approval n。批准；認可；贊成

15。rob vt。搶劫；盜竊；剝奪→robbery n。搶劫（行為）→robber n。搶劫者；強盜

16。musical adj。音樂的；喜愛音樂的 n。音樂喜劇→music n。音樂；樂曲→musician n。音樂家

17。believer n。信徒；教徒→believe v。相信；信任→belief n。信仰

18。horrible adj。可怕的；恐怖的→horror n。恐怖→horribly adv。可怕地

19。disgusting adj。使人反感的；令人厭惡的→disgust vt。厭惡；反感→disgusted adj。感到反感的

20。effective adj。有效的→effect n。影響；效果；作用→effectively adv。有效地；生效地

Ⅱ.短語檢測

1。in all directions 朝四面八方

2。hand over 交出；移交

3。pass…off as（把某人）改變或冒充成……

4。make one’s acquaintance結識；與……相見

5。generally speaking 一般來說

6。in terms of 就……來說；從……角度

7。try one‘s fortune 碰運氣

8。a handful of 一把；少量

9。show…in 帶或領……進來

10。the other day 幾天前

11。take away 帶走；取走

12。once more 再一次

13。in need of 需要……

14。fade out （聲音、畫面）逐漸模糊；漸淡

Ⅲ.佳句再現

1。be of+抽象名詞（=be+adj。）表示具有某種特徵或屬性

Will that __________________（有用處）to you？

2。every time 引導時間狀語從句，意為“每當……的時候”

But they betray themselves ______________（每當張嘴的時候）。

3。“once+過去分詞”的省略結構

But， sir， （proudly） __________________（一旦被教育） to speak properly， that girl could pass herself off in three months as a duchess at an ambassador’s garden party。

4。 What if…？如果……會怎樣/怎麼樣？

__________________（如果我是又怎麼樣呢）？

5。對過去的虛擬結構：would have done…if……had done

__________________（如果我知道……我是不會來的）this disgusting thing you want me to do…

答案：1。be of any use 2。every time they open their mouths

3。once educated 4。 What if I was 5。 I‘d never have come if I’d known about

【巧學助記】

構詞法記憶 •動詞字尾-fy，表示“使成為，使……進入狀態”

①simple adj。 簡單的→simplify vt。簡化； 使單純； 使簡易

②pure adj。純的； 單純的； 純真的→purify vt。使純淨，淨化

③beauty n。美人； 美好； 完美→beautify vt。 美化，裝飾

④horror n。恐怖→horrify vt。 使震驚，使感到恐怖

規律記憶 •三種特殊的獨立結構

①現在分詞型：generally speaking一般而言； frankly speaking坦率地說； judging from據……判斷。

②不定式型：to be honest誠實地說； to tell you the truth和你說實話吧； to make the matter worse情況更糟的是。

③介詞或連詞型：considering prep。考慮到，就……而言；given（that） conj。 如果，假設；provided/providing （that） conj。 如果，假設。

單詞點睛

●1 hesitate vi。（to pause before taking action or making a decision）猶豫，躊躇

（1）hesitate about/over sth。 對某事感到猶豫不決

hesitate to do sth。 對做某事感到猶豫不決

（2）hesitation n。 躊躇，猶豫

without hesitation 毫不猶豫地

【活學活用】

（1）Never hesitate to turn to the teachers for advice if you meet with some problems in study。如果在學習中遇到一些問題，要毫不猶豫地向老師求教。

（2）He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball； otherwise he would have scored a goal。在踢球前他猶豫了一下，否則的話他就會破門得分了。

（3）He dived into the river and saved the drowning child ______________。他毫不猶豫地跳進河裡救起那個溺水的孩子。

（4）語法填空。

①She was still hesitating______________whether to accept the invitation。

②She hesitated______________（spend） so much money on such a dress。

③She picked up her handbag，______________（hesitate）and almost made it to the door。

④He stopped at the turning fork，______________（hesitate） about which way to go。

（5）一句多譯。

①Whenever his friends have some troubles， he ______________and require no rewards。（介詞短語）

②Whenever his friends have some troubles， he ______________and require no rewards。 （hesitate to）

每當朋友遇到困難時，他都會義不容辭地給予幫助，不要求回報。

答案：（3）without hesitation（4）①about/over ②to spend③hesitated④hesitating

（5）①will help them without hesitation ②will never hesitate to help them

●2 classify vt。 （to arrange or organize according to class or category）編排；分類；歸類

（1）classify sb。/sth。 （as sth。）=group…into 將某人/某物歸類

be classified into… 劃分成；分類成

be classified by… 按照……分類

（2）a classified directory 分類目錄

classified advertisements 分類廣告

【活學活用】

（1）Men in the post office classify mail according to/by places where it is to go。郵局裡的人員將信件按寄送地點分類。

（2）It is required that the books in the library （should） be classified by subject。圖書館裡的圖書要根據科目分類。

（3）Within a few years he wrote five books， none of which could be easily classified as a novel。他在短短几年內寫了五部書，每一部都不能簡單地歸為小說。

（4）語法填空。

①According to the subject， her short poems can be classified______________two groups： poems about nature and poems about human life。

②In a toy library， children‘s toys and games are classified______________age groups just as books usually are。

③More than three-fourths of those surveyed classify themselves______________Christians， and 5 per cent belong to other faiths。

④______________（classify） so many books in libraries usually takes them lots of time。

⑤There are all kinds of letters waiting______________（classify） in the post office every day。

⑥He began to seek jobs in the______________（classify） advertisement column in the newspaper。

答案：（4）①into②by③as④Classifying⑤to be classified⑥classified

●3 remark n。談論；言論；評述 vt。& vi。談論；評論；說起

（1）make a remark on/upon/about就……發表意見

（2）remark on/upon sth。 評論/談論某事

remark that… 談到/說起……

（3）remarkable adj。 非凡的；顯著的

【活學活用】

（1）The teacher remarked about the high grades the class received on the test。教師就這個班級在考試中得了高分談了自己的意見。

（2）The government refused to make any remark on the political scandal happening recently。政府拒絕對最近發生的政治醜聞做任何評價。

（3）A local newspaper remarked that car accidents were on the decrease due to the forceful law。一家地方報紙評論說，由於強有力的法律措施，車禍在減少。

（4）語法填空。

①Professor Li made a short remark in the class ______________students’ cheating in examinations， whose words left a deep impression on them。

②She showed______________（remark） courage when she heard the bad news。

。答案：（4）①about/on②remarkable

●4 betray vt。 （to allow a secret to become known， either by accident or on purpose）背叛；顯露出；洩露

betray…to… 將……出賣/洩露給……

betray a secret to sb。 向某人洩露秘密

betray one‘s trust 辜負某人的信任

betray oneself 暴露本來面目，原形畢露

【活學活用】

（1）When you betray somebody else， you also betray yourself。在你背叛別人的那一刻，你也背叛了自己。

（2）She pretended to be happy but her eyes betrayed her sadness。她裝作很高興，但是她的雙眼卻流露出了她內心的悲傷。

（3）Once you have made a promise that you will not betray her confidence/trust， you should keep your word。一旦你承諾絕不辜負她的信任，你就要恪守諾言。

（4）It would be unbelievable that such an honest fellow ______________。這麼誠實的人竟然出賣朋友，真令人難以置信。

（5）語法填空。

①He had a good disguise， but as soon as he spoke he betrayed______________（he）。

②The stealer was sick of this life。 Finally， he betrayed the fact______________the police。

③Feeling ______________（betray） by friends， the heartbroken boy was sitting there sorrowfully。

④______________（betray） by your best friend is an extremely painful thing。

答案：（4）should have betrayed his friends （5）①himself②to ③betrayed④Being betrayed

●5 condemn vt。譴責；使……處於不幸/不愉快的狀態；判刑，宣告……有罪

condemn sb。/sth。 for/as sth。 因……而譴責某人或某事

condemn sb。 to sth。/to do sth。迫使……接受困境（或不愉快的狀況）

condemn sb。 to… 判處某人某種刑罰

【活學活用】

（1）Those who do not remember the past are condemned to repeat it。忘記過去的人必將重蹈覆轍。

（2）All the newspapers condemned the general for his speech attacking a friendly nation。所有的報紙都譴責了該將軍的攻擊友邦國家的演說。

（3）He was condemned to spend the rest of the football season on the bench。 他無可奈何，只能在這個足球賽季剩下的時間裡做替補隊員。

（4）As was expected，he was condemned to （=______________） ten years in prison for his armed robbery。正如所預料的一樣，他因武裝搶劫被判了十年監禁。

（5）語法填空。

①Mr Hong said he had borrowed the bicycle， but nobody believed him， and his neighbours condemned him______________a thief。

②He was condemned to death______________murder and later hanged。

③When the poor woman lost her husband， she realized that she was condemned ______________a lonely old age。

④Due to the rainstorm， they were condemned ______________（spend） a fortnight of idleness at that lonely island。

答案： （4）was sentenced to （5）①as②for③to④to spend

●6 acquaintance n。［U］（knowledge of sth。）相識；熟悉；熟知；［C］（a person that you know but who is not a close friend）相識的人，熟人

（1）make one’s acquaintance（=make the acquaintance of sb。）與某人初次見面

have some/no acquaintance with對……有點兒熟悉/不熟悉

（2）acquaint vt。 使熟悉； 使瞭解

be acquainted/familiar with…與……相識，熟知；精通

【活學活用】

（1）It was at the Mapstone‘s party that I first made his acquaintance（=made the acquaintance of him）， since when we became good friends。我是在邁普斯頓的聚會上初次與他相識的，自此我們成了好朋友。

（2）He has some acquaintance with German， but doesn’t speak it fluently。他略懂一點德語，但說得不流利。

（3）I have heard about your friend but I am not acquainted/familiar with him。我聽說過你的朋友，但同他不熟。

（4）語法填空。

①I could not speak the language， neither did I have friends nor_____________（acquaint） in the town。

②I am a newcomer and not acquainted ______________the rules and regulations here。

答案：（4）①acquaintances②with

●7 compromise vi。& n。（a middle way between two extremes）妥協；折中

reach/arrive at a compromise 達成妥協

compromise/make a compromise with與……妥協

compromise on sth。 就某事達成妥協

【活學活用】

（1）After some discussion we arrive at a compromise。經過一番討論之後，我們達成一項折中方案。

（2）Encourage your child to reach a compromise between what he wants and what you want。鼓勵你的孩子在他的願望和你的願望之間找到一個折中點。

（3）Is the government prepared to compromise ______________the workers over their pay demand？政府是否準備向工人就其工資要求進行妥協呢？

（4）After a week‘s discussion， the two sides reached a compromise______________the cost of the project。經過一個星期的討論之後，雙方就這個專案的費用達成了妥協。

答案：（3）with（4）on

●8 fade vi。& vt。（使）褪色；減弱；逐漸消失；凋落

fade out （聲音、畫面）逐漸模糊；漸淡

fade away 衰弱；病重死亡；逐漸消失

fade into 逐漸消失在……

fade from 從……逐漸消失

【活學活用】

（1）All the bright，precious things fade so fast。And they don’t come back。所有的光鮮靚麗都消失得如此之快，並且一去不復返。

（2）With the light beginning to fade，the two exhausted armies drew apart。天色漸晚時，兩支疲憊不堪的部隊分頭行動了。

（3）The memory of her sufferings in her childhood will never fade （out） from her mind。她永遠不會忘卻童年時代所受的痛苦。

（4）用fade相關短語的適當形式填空。

①The closing music ______________when the hero rides off into the sunset。

②His name will never______________the memory of the world。

③As evening came the coastline______________darkness。

④With time going by， many people‘s memories of childhood ______________。

（5）一句多譯。

①While it is convenient and easy to take online lessons， I am still positive that the classroom teaching ______________。（fade）

②While it is convenient and easy to take online lessons， I am still positive that the classroom teaching ______________。（replace）

儘管在網上上課方便又容易，我仍然樂觀地認為課堂教學永遠不會消失。

答案：（4）①fades out②fade from③faded into④fade away

（5）①will never fade out②will never be replaced

短語儲存

●1 pass sb。/sth。 off as…把某人/物改變或冒充成……

pass off 逐漸消失

pass away 去世（die的委婉說法）

pass by 透過，經過；忽視

pass out 昏過去；失去知覺

pass on 傳遞；傳授

pass through 透過；穿過

【活學活用】

（1）Mrs White’s headache had passed off by that night。懷特太太的頭痛到了那天夜裡便消失了。

（2）He passed himself off as a doctor until someone checked his record。 在人們查閱他的檔案之前，他一直偽裝成醫生。

（3）______________， the gentleman took her to the party with him。那位紳士讓她冒充他的女朋友，把她帶去參加晚會了。

（4）用pass相關短語的適當形式填空。

①She went back to work while she was still sick， and finally she just ______________。

②Time quickly ______________without our knowing it。

③This ring has been ______________in my family from mother to daughter。

④He______________a difficult time after his son left home。

答案：（3）Passing her off as his girlfriend （4）①passed out②passed by③passed on

④passed through

●2 in terms of…就……而言；從……角度

come to terms with 達成協議；和好；接受；適應

be on good/bad terms 關係良好/不好

in the long/short term 就長遠/短期而言

【活學活用】

（1）In terms of money， he‘s quite rich， but not in terms of happiness。 就錢來說他很富有，但就幸福來說就不然了。

（2）It was a bad year for films， in terms of both quantity and quality。 今年的電影無論從數量上還是質量上來說都不好。

（3）用term相關短語的適當形式填空。

①She managed to ______________her pain and waited patiently for her doctor to come。

②It’s rather difficult for a cocky person to ______________others。

③Learning is not always easy，but it is always beneficial ______________。

④We must consider problems ______________the people‘s interests。

答案： （3）①come to terms with②be on good terms with③in the long term④in terms of

句型透視

● What if I was？ 如果我是又怎樣呢？

【句式點撥】

“What if…？”常用來提出假設、建議、邀請、要求等，意為“倘使……將會怎樣/如果……將會怎樣？”後面經常跟一般現在時，有時根據語境也可以跟虛擬語氣。如：

What if something goes wrong？要是出了問題將會怎麼樣？

What if it rains tomorrow？如果明天下雨怎麼辦？

It sounds like a good offer， but what if it’s a trick？那個提議聽起來很誘人，但如果是個騙局怎麼辦？

【相關拓展】

（1）How come表示你覺得某件事很奇怪，有點想不通，意為“怎麼會……？怎麼回事……？”，和Why一樣用來引導一個問句。How come開頭的問句使用的仍是陳述句的語序。

如：How come you didn‘t tell me earlier ？

（=Why didn’t you tell me earlier ？） 你怎麼不早點兒告訴我？

（2）“How/What about…？” 常用來徵求對方的意見或向對方提出建議，意為“……怎麼樣？”

如：How about your English exam yesterday？ 你昨天的英語考得怎麼樣？

（3）What for？為什麼目的/為何理由？

（4）So what？那又怎麼樣？

（5）Why not do sth。？為什麼不……？

【活學活用】

（1）What if it rains when we can‘t get under shelter？

倘若下起雨來，我們又沒處避雨可怎麼辦？

（2）______________ you only call me when something’s wrong？

為什麼你只在有困難的時候才打電話給我？

（3）______________our going to the cinema tonight？

今晚我們去看電影怎麼樣？

答案：（2）How come（3）What about