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說說英語中的連線結構(八)---英語中的“式”(即語氣)

  • 由 風雨再歸舟 發表于 垂釣
  • 2022-02-16
簡介(二)虛擬語氣用法非真實條件句中的虛擬語氣if條件句根據其虛擬的時間不同,分為針對現在、將來和過去三種情況,每種情況中的句子的主句和從句的動詞形式有所不同,具體如下表:例如:If I were you, I would try again

式的解釋是什麼

說說英語中的連線結構(八)---英語中的“式”(即語氣)

之前發了各種詞與詞、短語與短語以及句與句之間的各種連線方式,這就是我們要學的語言現象,即語法。感興趣的同學可以關注,然後從第一章連續看完作者的完整思路。我寫這個連載就是要把各種單擺的語法現象有機地串在一起,讓讀者更加清楚地知道我們在學什麼、為什麼要學、如何學。希望能對讀者會有所受益。

人們常常用不同的動詞形式來表達自己的不同看法和態度,這種動詞的形式就叫做動詞的“式”。英語中的“式”(mood)又譯作“語氣”,它是區別說話人以何種看法或態度(語氣)說話的動詞形式。英語動詞有陳述式(或陳述語氣)(Indicative Mood)、祈使式(或祈使語氣)(Imperative Mood)、虛擬式(或虛擬語氣)(Subjunctive Mood)。

一、 陳述語氣

敘述事實或者可能發生的事情時,人們所使用的語氣就是陳述語氣。如:

陳述句:He is a German。 (他是個德國人。)

疑問句:Do you like apple pies? (你喜歡蘋果派嗎?)

感嘆句:How interesting the play is! (這個話劇真有意思!)

二、 祈使語氣

人們用來表示命令、要求、請求、邀請、勸告或建議時所使用的語氣就是祈使語氣。如:

Hurry up。 快點。

Don‘t go there。 不要去那兒。

Open your books at P。 126。 翻開書126頁。

三、 虛擬語氣

表示所說的話不是事實,而只是一種願望、猜測、假設、建議,並且這種願望、建議等實現的可能性很少或根本不能實現時,所使用的語氣就是虛擬語氣。

如:

If I were a bird, I could fly in the sky freely。

要是我是一隻鳥,我就能自由自在地在天空飛翔。

I wish you a happy new year。 祝你新年愉快。

I’d rather you came this afternoon。 我倒想要你今下午來。

(一)虛擬語氣用法的分類

虛擬語氣主要用法可以歸納為以下三大類:

1。非真實條件句中的虛擬語氣;

2。名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣;

3。虛擬語氣在某些從句當中的應用。

(二)虛擬語氣用法

非真實條件句中的虛擬語氣

if條件句根據其虛擬的時間不同,分為針對現在、將來和過去三種情況,每種情況中的句子的主句和從句的動詞形式有所不同,具體如下表:

說說英語中的連線結構(八)---英語中的“式”(即語氣)

例如:

If I were you, I would try again。

If you had taken the party yesterday, you would have met him。 。

If it were to rain tomorrow, we would cancel this football match。

If he should finish reading the book this week, I would borrow it from him。

4。錯綜時間條件句,即條件從句與主句發生的時間不一致(多數情況下,條件從句是對過去的事情相反的假設,主句是對現在情況的假設)

If you had taken the medicine yesterday, you would feel better now。

If you had gone over your text at other times, you would not stay up late now。

5。表示虛擬條件的其他形式

1)if省略, 而將were, had, should 等非行為動詞提到主語前。

Had he worked harder, he would have got through the exam。

Were they to attend the party tomorrow evening , we should have a good time。

2) 含蓄條件句 不用if引導,而用介詞without, but for, 或副詞otherwise引導

But for your help, I would not have finished the project。

Without the help from a mysterious benefactor, he wouldn’t have finished his study。

虛擬語氣在某些名詞性從句當中的應用

1。用在表示建議、命令、要求的賓語從句中

Ask, advice, demand, desire, insist, maintain, move, propose, order, recommend, require, request, suggest, urge, command

例如:The teacher suggested that we (should) discuss the question after class。

2。有些名詞性從句中,主句中往往帶帶有某個表示要求、建議、命令、願望等名詞,名詞性從句中的謂語動詞用should+動詞原形

Instruction, order, importance, decision, resolution, requirement, suggestion, recommendation。

例如:

My suggestion was that we go for a picnic after the mid-term examination。

Michael put forward a proposal that we stay at home watching TV.

3。虛擬語氣可以用在一些形容詞+that從句中,形勢為 should +動詞原型

常見的句型:It is +形容詞+that從句

I+ think/find/feel等動詞+it + 形容詞 + that 從句

常見的形容詞有appreciate, natural , impossible, vital, important, essential, necessary, urgent, imperative, obligatory, preferable

例如:

It is recommended that the plan (should) be put off。

It is imperative that you should hand in your exercise in time。

Do you think it natural that both of them should quit their jobs at the same time?

虛擬語氣在其它從句中的應用

1。 用於 for fear that, lest, in case, if only等引導的狀語從句中,動詞形式 should /might+動詞原型 ,含義為 “生怕、 以防、以免”

例如:

He walked fast lest he should be late for the class。

Wear more clothes in case it should snow。

He brought his raincoat for fear that it should rain。

2。 If only “要是… 就好了 ”,如果現在的情況就用一般過去時, 過去就用過去完成時

例如:

If only I could buy a car。

If only he had posted the letter for me。

3。 wish 引導的賓語從句

“與現在事實相反的願望”,從句用一般過去時

“與過去事實相反的願望”,從句用過去完成時或could have+ 過去分詞

“與將來事實相反的願望”,從句用would/could+動詞原型

例如:

I wish I were a bird。

Wish I had never said this kind of words。

I didn’t go with them to the beach yesterday。 But I do wish I had been there。

4。 用於would rather, would sooner, would prefer引導的從句中,表示“寧願,希望 ”

例如:

I would rather I didn’t say ( not say) that words for the time being。

I would rather I had never known him。

I would rather that he had refused my invitation。

It is (high )time that引導的句子

It is high time that kids made up their own minds。

It is time that we cleaned the classroom。

It is time that we left。

5。 as if /though引導的句子

例如:

He was scared as if he had seen a ghost。

Her face is so pale as though she had a terrible sickness。

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