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英語修辭大全(最新整理,內含示例)
- 由 bjstcq 發表于 籃球
- 2022-02-07
英語修辭怎麼用
Figure of Speech
①Simile[smli] (明喻)
用like, as 或其他詞指出兩個截然不同的事物之間相似之處的辦法,叫明喻。( 本體: tenor; 喻體: vehicle)
② Metaphor(暗喻)
“an implied comparison,” “a simile without ‘like’ or ‘as’”
Ex:Snow clothes the ground。
③ Personification (擬人)
④ Metonymy [mtnmi ](換喻,轉喻)
用一件事物的名稱代替與另一件事物密切相關的事物的名稱。
Ex:She sets a good table。 (= She provides good food。)
⑤ Synecdoche [snekdki] (提喻)
一件事物代表或指另一件事物。
Ex:a fleet of 50 sails帆 (for “a fleet of 50 ships”)
※Difference between Synecdoche and Metonymy
Synecdoche (提喻)可以用事物的任何一部分的名稱來指一個事物的整體。
然而,在Metonymy (換喻,轉喻)中,用來描述一個事物的這個詞與那個特定的事物密切相關,但不一定是它的一部分。
⑥ Antonomasia [ntn'mez] (換喻)
指名稱的一些常見的比喻用法的術語。
Ex:his honor for a judge or the name of the judge
⑦ Euphemism [jufmzm](委婉語)
Ex:to die→to pass away; one’s heart has stopped beating
⑧Hyperbole[hapbli](誇張)
Ex:The wave ran mountain high。
⑨Litotes [latti:z] ( 曲言;含蓄渲染) <與誇張相反>
Ex:This is not at all unpleasant。
⑩Antithesis [ntθss] (對照、對仗)
Ex:A friend exaggerates a man’s virtues, an enemy his crimes。
Paradox (反論;似非而是的雋語)
這種在邏輯上是矛盾但可能是正確的說法,其目的是激發新的思想。
Ex:The child is father of the man。 孩童乃成人之父,成人性格美好的一面來自童心
Oxymoron (矛盾修飾法)
一個壓縮的悖論,由兩個截然不同的、矛盾的或不一致的術語的連合而成。
Ex:bitter-sweet memories
Epigram[epgrm] (警句)
Apostrophe [pstrfi] (頓呼)
有時用感嘆號表示,如“oh”。作家或說話者,使用撇號,直接與不在場或已死亡的人說話,或與無生命的物體說話。
Rhetorical question (修辭疑問句;反問句)
Ex:If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?
Irony (反語)
Ex:Oh, how I love queuing up! (In fact, the speak hates it。)
Sarcasm [sɑ:kzm] (尖刻諷刺)
Ex:He is very
generous
indeed。 (referring to one who won’t lend the speaker his dictionary)
Satire(諷刺)
它通常指一個文學作品的風格——散文、詩歌或戲劇,通常不是指一句話。
Ridicule[rdkju:l] (嘲笑、奚落)
Ex: He mopped(擦)his bald dome(圓屋頂)in silence。
Innuendo[njuend](暗諷)
一種溫和的諷刺形式,以一種相當迂迴的方式暗示,暗示或暗示一件事,而不明確地說出來。Ex:I do not consult physicians; for I hope to die without them。 (meaning they are more trouble than help)
Parody (滑稽模仿)
使用某一作者的文字、思想或風格,但透過一個輕微的改變,以適應一個新的目的或荒謬的不恰當的主題;模仿或誇張的風格特徵,使它們看起來可笑。
Ex:AllroadsleadtoHolidayInn。
Climax (層進;漸升)
Ex:Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested。
Anti-climax (突降;漸降)
突降是採用突然下降的手法使句意從嚴肅、深刻、重要等等的概念中急轉到滑稽、平庸、瑣細等等的概念上從而造成一種語義上的大的反差而獲得一種鮮明的、幽默的交際效果的辭格。
需有兩項或兩項以上結構使語義能急轉而下。
Ex:Seldom has a city gained such world renown, and I am proud and happy to welcome you to Hiroshima, a town known throughout the world for its— oysters。 (Lesson 2, Book 1)
Alliteration (頭韻)
Ex:We felt strong, smug(滿足), secure。
Assonance [snns] (半諧音;類韻;押母音韻)
Ex:The rain in Spain falls on the plain。
Consonance(輔韻)
… when bigots(偏執者)lighted faggots(柴捆)to burn the men who dare …。。
(Lesson 4,Book 1)
Onomatopoeia (擬聲;象聲)
Ex:Moo, mew, bow-wow, hiss, roar and baa are respectively imitative of the cries or calls of cows, cats, dogs, snakes, lions and sheep。 In the same way, trains toot; doors bang; windows rattle; fire crackles; machines clang; and racing cars go vroom-vroom。
Transferred epithet (轉移形容詞;轉移修飾)
將一個形容詞或描述性短語從名詞轉移到另一個它並不真正屬於的名詞。
throwing a reassuring arm round my shoulder(Lesson 4,Book 1)
Pun (雙關)
Ex:Seven days without water make one weak (= week)。
Parallelism (排比)
… and that government of the people, by the people, for the people shall not perish from the earth。 (Abraham Lincoln: “Gettysburg Address”)
Repetition (重複;反覆)
He does everything on principle。 He fights you on patriotic principles; he robs you on business principles; he enslaves you on imperial principles。